Gunnar B. J. Andersson, MD, PhD
John-Erik Bell, MD
Stuart L. Weinstein, MD
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS)

John P. Dormans, MD
Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)

Michael B. Furman, MD
American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (AAPM&R)

Nancy Lane, MD
Past-President, United States Bone and Joint Decade/Initiative (USBJD/USBJI)

J. Edward Puzas, PhD
Orthopaedic Research Society (ORS)
Past-President, United States Bone and Joint Decade/Initiative (USBJD/USBJI)

E. William St. Clair, MD
Edward H. Yelin, PhD
American College of Rheumatology (ACR)

Additional Contributing Organizations
American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR)
Arthritis Foundation
National University of Health Sciences

Project Coordinator
Sylvia I. Watkins-Castillo, PhD

Staff
Toby R.W. King, CAE, Executive Director, USBJD/USBJI
Mark W. Wieting, MA, Chief Education Officer, AAOS
Amy Miller, Senior Director, Research, Training and Quality, ACR
Thomas E. Stautzenbach, MA, MBA, CAE, Executive Director, AAPM&R
Charles M. Turkelson, PhD, Former Director, Department of Research and Scientific Affairs, AAOS
Hazel Natividad, Manager, Healthcare Statistics and Surveys, Department of Research and Scientific
Affairs, AAOS
Jayson Murray, Research Analyst, Surveys, Department of Research and Scientific Affairs, AAOS
Marilyn L. Fox, PhD, Director, Department of Publications, AAOS
Mary Steermann Bishop, Senior Manager, Production and Archives, Department of Publications, AAOS
Courtney Astle, Editorial Production Manager, Department of Publications, AAOS
Susan Morritz Baim, Production Coordinator, Department of Publications, AAOS
Charlie Baldwin, Production/Database Associate, Department of Publications, AAOS

Cover Design
Rick Cosaro, Cosaro & Associates, Ltd.

The material presented in The Burden of Musculoskeletal Diseases in the United States is made available for informational purposes only. This material is not intended to suggest procedures or course of treatment, only to provide an interpretation of available data on the incidence and prevalence of most major musculoskeletal conditions.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher.

Copyright © 2011 by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.
ISBN 978-0-89203-749-0

The Burden of Musculoskeletal Diseases in the United States
6300 N. River Road
Rosemont, IL 60018
United States of America
1-800-626-6726

Suggested citation: United States Bone and Joint Initiative: The Burden of Musculoskeletal Diseases in the United States, Second Edition. Rosemont, IL: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 2011.

Authors and Reviewers
Gunnar B. J. Andersson, MD, PhD
Jeannette Bouchard
Kevin J. Bozic, MD, MBA
Robert M. Campbell, Jr., MD
Miriam G. Cisternas, MS
Adolfo Correa, MD, MPH, PhD
Felicia Cosman, MD
Janet D. Cragan, MD, MPH
Kristen D’Andrea, BA
Nancy Doernberg
John P. Dormans, MD, FACS
Ann L. Elderkin, PA
Zarina Fershteyn, MPH
Aimee J. Foreman, MA
Steven Gitelis, MD
Steve M. Gnatz, MD, MHA
Robert H. Haralson, III, MD, MBA
Charles G. (Chad) Helmick, MD
Marc C. Hochberg, MD, MPH
Serena Hu, MD
Jeffrey N. Katz, MD
Toby King, CAE
Ron Kirk, MA, DC
Steven M. Kurtz, PhD
Nancy Lane, MD
Ann Looker, PhD
Joan McGowan, PhD
Assia Miller, MD, MPH
Reba L. Novich, MSW
Richard Olney, MD, MPH
Peter Panopalis, MD
David J. Pasta, MS
Andrew N. Pollak, MD
J. Edward Puzas, PhD
B. Stephens Richards, III, MD
John P. Sestito, JD, MS
Csaba Siffel, MD, PhD
Paul D. Sponseller, MD
E. William St. Clair, MD
Andrew Stuart, MA
Kimberly J. Templeton, MD
George Thompson, MD
Laura Tosi, MD
Anna N.A. Tosteson, ScD
William G. Ward, Sr., MD
Sylvia I. Watkins-Castillo, PhD
Stuart L. Weinstein, MD
Mark W. Wieting, MA
James G. Wright, MD, MPH, FRCSC
Edward H. Yelin, PhD

Bone and Joint Decade
The United States Bone and Joint Initiative (USBJI) is the U.S. National Action Network of the worldwide
Bone and Joint Decade, an international collaborative movement sanctioned by the United Nations/
World Health Organization. Its mission is to improve the quality of life for people with musculoskeletal
conditions and to advance the understanding, prevention, and treatment of these conditions—in short, to
reduce the burden of musculoskeletal conditions.

The USBJI is a unique, interdisciplinary coalition of organizations. It connects thought leaders, healthcare
professionals, educators, researchers, industry professionals, patients, and patient advocates. It develops
collaborative programs and activities and creates forums to exchange information, build partnerships,
and develop consensus on issues of common concern to its members and society at large. The USBJI
raises the profile and priority of bone and joint health and disease prevention; in addition, it supports
the advancement and expansion of musculoskeletal care and research through data dissemination,
awareness-building programs, education initiatives, and advocacy.

www.usbji.org
usbji@usbji.org
Phone: 847-430-5052/5053